Musculoskeletal Key

  Males Females N Fracture % ≧1 PR 95 % CI p-value N Fracture ≧1 % PRa 95 % CI p-value Leukemia 1229 42.2 0.91 (0.83–1.00) 0.045 1330 30.4 0.99…

Fig. 1 Official grading sheet for the International Standards of Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (Source: Courtesy of American Spinal Injury Association, Atlanta, Georgia) Regionalization and Pathophysiology of SCI-Associated…

Drug Recommendations Notes/references Zoledronic acid A single 5 mg IV infusion One major clinical trial demonstrated that ZA was superior to risedronate in increasing lumbar spine BMD over a prospective…

Drug class Mechanism of action Effect on bone Medication concerns Anticoagulants  Heparin Both standard and low MW heparin increase bone resorption by reducing osteoprogenetin and favoring RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, as…

Children and adolescents Calcium (daily) Vitamin D (daily) 1 through 3 years 500 mg 200 IUa 4 through 8 years 800 mg 200 IUa 9 through 18 years 1300 mg…

Fig. 1 Mean BMD at the femoral neck by age in the United States, WM white males, WF white females, BM black males, BF black females (Source: Data from Looker…

and Christina V. Oleson2   (1) Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University/Magee Rehabilitation Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA (2) Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA     Christina V. Oleson Email:…

Fig. 1 Radiographic image of chronic bone changes and angular deformities in osteogenesis imperfecta. In this image, note healing fracture of the proximal shaft of the right femur, with two…

Fig. 1 Factors which contribute to posttransplant bone disease. Posttransplant steroid use plays a major role in bone loss, although other metabolic derangements, especially in kidney transplant patients, may also…

Fig. 1 A comparison of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). From left to right: LAGB, SG, and RYGB (Source: Smith et al. [41]….