Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 21.1 Positioning. The distal thigh is kept horizontal using a leg holder with the calf hung down by gravity Fig. 21.2 Three arthroscopic portals. In addition to the routine…

Fig. 23.1 ACL femoral remnant (dotted lines). AM ACL anteromedial bundle footprint, PL ACL posterolateral bundle footprint 23.3 The Use of Anteromedial Portals for the Femoral Tunnel Creation Choosing appropriate…

Fig. 11.1 The saphenous nerve descends on the medial side of the knee, and the infrapatellar branch crosses the midline between the patella and the tibial tubercle. In this figure…

American Medical Association grading scale Clinical laxity (mm) [39] Radiographic widening (in 20° flexion) [40] Grade I Localized tenderness but no instability 3–5 mm 3.2 mm difference compared to contralateral…

Fig. 38.1 Measurement of anterior knee laxity with the KT-1000® The KT-1000® was developed in the 1980s by Daniel et al. [22]. To date, this is the most common device…

Fig. 24.1 A 9 mm hollow miller is inserted in a flat angle over the distal patellar. The so harvested half cylinder with the central third of the patellar tendon…

Fig. 47.1 Step and hold. Patients must perform 30 step and holds without loss of balance or excessive motion in the frontal or transverse plane Fig. 47.2 Single-leg squat. This…

Fig. 10.1 A CT scan of the chest with PE protocol of a healthy 50-year-old patient who underwent elective orthopedic surgery and presented 1-week postoperatively with a massive PE. She…

Fig. 36.1 Lateral aspect of a left knee. The superficial layer (1) of the iliotibial band (ITB) has been flapped down, revealing the Kaplan fibres. The lateral superior genicular artery…

Fig. 46.1 Long-leg standing radiography of a 21-year-old female with a previous failed ACL reconstruction and medial meniscectomy at the right knee. It is possible to note the varus alignment…