Fig. 1.1 (a) Anterior view of a right cadaveric knee demonstrating the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and lateral meniscal anterior root attachment (LARA). (b) Sagittal cross…
Fig. 7.1 The Gunston polycentric knee (From Gunston [22]) The 1970s saw the introduction of several BCR TKAs. The Coventry Geomedic knee consisted of a single femoral component with a…
Fig. 17.1 Factors affecting clinical results after total knee arthroplasty In this chapter, clinical and biomechanical studies are introduced to discuss the relationship among soft tissue balance, kinematics, and clinical…
Fig. 2.1 Renderings of bone models of the femur, tibia, and fibula show how the varus laxity of the knee is determined. The other six laxities are determined in a…
Fig. 4.1 Rectangular (a) extension gap and (b) flexion gap The resections of the tibia and femur during knee arthroplasty must result in rectangular flexion and extension gaps (equal medial…
Fig. 12.1 (a) Incision and (b) scar following conventional quadriceps tendon harvest The minimally invasive harvest techniques described in this chapter, in conjunction with recent development of specialized instrumentation, allow…
Fig. 21.1 Positioning. The distal thigh is kept horizontal using a leg holder with the calf hung down by gravity Fig. 21.2 Three arthroscopic portals. In addition to the routine…
Fig. 11.1 The saphenous nerve descends on the medial side of the knee, and the infrapatellar branch crosses the midline between the patella and the tibial tubercle. In this figure…
American Medical Association grading scale Clinical laxity (mm) [39] Radiographic widening (in 20° flexion) [40] Grade I Localized tenderness but no instability 3–5 mm 3.2 mm difference compared to contralateral…
