Injuries in Contact Athletes
Fig. 3.1 Common mechanisms of shoulder injury in rugby (courtesy of Lennard Funk, http://www.shoulderdoc.co.uk) 3.3 Clinical Evaluation 3.3.1 History/Presentations A thorough investigation of relevant history and physical examination are essential…
Cuff Disorders in Athletes
Fig. 5.1 The six phases of the throwing motion. Phase 1 is the wind-up phase. Phase 2 is the early cocking phase, ending with planting of the striding foot. Phase…
Bone Loss in Athletes
Fig. 7.1 (a) A large humeral head defect (Hill–Sachs lesion) is shown (G glenoid, H humeral defect). (b) A significant glenoid defect that resembles an “inverted-pear” glenoid is shown (G…
Common Radiographic Measurements
9 Common Radiographic Measurements Dustin H. Massel, Benjamin C. Mayo, William W. Long, Krishna D. Modi, and Kern Singh 9.1 Radiographic Measurements 9.1.1 Cervical Measurements (Fig 9.1, Table 9.1) Cervical…
Sacral Spine
7 Sacral Spine Antonios Varelas, Fady Y. Hijji, Ankur S. Narain, Philip K. Louie, Daniel D. Bohl, and Kern Singh 7.1 General Information • Begins as five initially unfused vertebrae:…
General Spine Anatomy and Long Tract Pathways
2 General Spine Anatomy and Long Tract Pathways Jacob V. DiBattista, Ankur S. Narain, Fady Y. Hijji, Philip K. Louie, Daniel D. Bohl, and Kern Singh 2.1 Topographical Anatomy 2.1.1…
Lumbar Spine Anatomy
6 Lumbar Spine Anatomy Melissa G. Goczalk, Ankur S. Narain, Fady Y. Hijji, Philip K. Louie, Daniel D. Bohl, and Kern Singh 6.1 General Information • Anatomy and function: –…
Cervical Spine Anatomy
4 Cervical Spine Anatomy Fady Y. Hijji, Ankur S. Narain, Philip K. Louie, Daniel D. Bohl, and Kern Singh 4.1 General Information • C3–C7 are defined as the subaxial spine….
Lumbar Disk Disease
11 Lumbar Disk Disease Fady Y. Hijji, Ankur S. Narain, Philip K. Louie, Daniel D. Bohl, and Kern Singh 11.1 Background • Axial back pain extremely common: – Most common…
