Orthopedic Literacy: Fracture Description and Resource Utilization Dennis Wenger James Bomar INTRODUCTION—TERMINOLOGY Fracture language, which has evolved in a relatively standard manner throughout the world, makes medical communication more efficient….
Bracing and Orthoses Michael J. Vives Orthotics are defined as external devices applied to restrict motion. Orthotics (from the Greek ortho, meaning straight) have played an integral role in the…
Basic Science of Disk Degeneration Jimmy J. Chan Woojin Cho Alok D. Sharan Introduction The spinal column is an intricate construct that is designed to withstand tremendous force load while…
Spinal Biomechanics Jordan M. Glaser Sheeraz A. Qureshi Introduction to Spinal Biomechanics The concept of biomechanics is generated from the combination of information arising from the biologic sciences and engineering…
Basic Science of Spinal Fusion Barrett S. Boody Danielle S. Chun Wellington K. Hsu Introduction Spinal fusion is a common adjunct of spinal surgical procedures to eliminate motion between vertebral…
Complications in Spine Surgery Jun Sup Kim Samuel C. Overley Steven McAnany Andrew C. Hecht Complications following spinal surgery can be serious and potentially life-threatening. Overall, older patients, those with…
Autologous Bone Grafting Harvesting Techniques George M. Ghobrial Matthew J. Viereck Scott D. Boden James S. Harrop Fresh autologous bone graft refers to bone harvested from one anatomical site and…
Posterior Minimally Invasive Decompression and Fusion Techniques D. Greg Anderson Minimally invasive spinal surgery (MISS) techniques have grown in popularity in recent years due to the general interest in reducing…
Cervical and Lumbar Arthroplasty, Interspinous Devices, and Motion-Sparing Technology John M. Rhee Bradley Moatz Cervical Arthroplasty Background/Rationale for Arthroplasty For over 50 years, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has…
Lumbar Decompression and Instrumented Fusion Techniques Clayton Haldeman Daniel Resnick Introduction The goal of spinal decompression is to relieve pressure on the nerves and thereby prevent the progression of neurologic…
