Musculoskeletal Key

Pediatrics APGAR APGAR is an acronym for a scoring system to evaluate perinatal asphyxia. It is not an indicator of long-term outcome, but rather an indicator of immediate needs. The…

Ankle Equinus EQUINUS Definitions 1. A limitation of passive ankle joint dorsiflexion to less than 90° 2. At least 10° of dorsiflexion past 90° is required for normal gait. Anatomy…

First Ray Surgery BUNION EVALUATION Stage I Subclinical subluxation of the first metatarsal joint Stage II Development of clinical hallux abduction deformity Stage III Development of metatarsus primus adductus deformity…

Tailor’s Burnion (Bunionette) TAILOR’S BUNION (BUNIONETTE) Description Enlargement of, or prominence of, the 5th metatarsal head Evaluation IM Angle Two Methods 1. Traditional method The angle between the bisection of…

Implants IMPLANTS The most common pathogen to cause infection during implant surgery is Staphylococcus epidermis. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for antibiotic prophylaxis during implant surgery. Most metal joint…

Tendons and Tendon Transfers TENDON ANATOMY 1. Epitenon: The outer covering of a tendon within its sheath. Most important structure in the tendon repair process. 2. Endotenon: A loose acellular…

Fixation SCREWS Instrument Sizes for Respective Screws Screw (mm) Thread Hole (mm) Glide Hole (mm) Tap (mm) Surgical Set 1.5 Cortical 1.1 1.5 1.5 Mini fragment 2.0 Cortical 1.5 2.0…

Suture NEEDLE SHAPE Point Configuration TYPES OF SUTURE Packet Label Information ABSORBABLE SUTURE: TENSILE STRENGTH AND ABSORPTION TIME Suture 50% Tensile Strength Completely Absorbed Reactivity Gut 7-10 d 70 d…

Instruments BLADE HANDLES BLADE