Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 1.1 Assessing coronal plane. Note the physiological valgus attitude of the lower limb Examination with the patient facing the examiner: assessing for varus or valgus posture and the presence…

Fig. 14.1 (a) Physiological alignment measurements in the coronal plane from a long leg weight bearing radiograph measurement. (b) Enlarged image shows the weight-bearing axis in the medial compartment. Also…

Therapeutic exercises (eccentric training) Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) Different injection treatments (platelet-rich plasma, sclerosing polidocanol, steroids, aprotinin, autologous skin-derived tendon-like cells, and bone marrow mononuclear cells) Table 6.2 Surgical…

Fig. 9.1 Schematic illustration of the femoral attachment of the PCL bundles [2] The tibial footprint lies in an upright oval on the posterior tibia that sits between the posterior…

Trauma (blunt impacts, fractures, traumatic patellar dislocation, polytraumatic injuries) Axial malalignment of the knee Partial or total meniscectomy Instability (ACL, PCL, etc.) Osteochondritis dissecans Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, gout, psoriasis,…

Fig. 2.1 Coronal T2 weighted fat-suppressed image demonstrating anterolateral bone bruising following rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament Fig. 2.2 Coronal T2 weighted fat-suppressed image demonstrating bony oedema secondary to…

Fig. 10.1 Advanced bilateral hemophilic arthropathy of the knee: (a) Anteroposterior view; (b) lateral radiograph of the right knee; (c) lateral view of the left knee. As chronic hemophilic synovitis…

Fig. 8.1 Mean center point of the femoral insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament (After Piefer et al. [9]) On the tibia, the footprint is situated approximately 10 mm posterior…