Fig. 20.1 Outline of radial artery and the perforators as identified by ultrasound For revision carpal tunnel cases, the incision will begin at the site of the previous scar. Perform…
Symptoms Examination Etiology Treatment options Recurrent CTS Numbness completely resolved then recurs Findings range from normal to (+) Tinel’s, Phalen’s, carpal compression test, or expanded two-point discrimination Most common:…
Fig. 3.1 Anatomy and cross section of carpal tunnel showcasing the underlying structures Increased Pressure Normal pressure in the Carpal tunnel ranges from 2 to 10 mmHg [23]. Changes in the…
Fig. 25.1 Cross section of the carpal tunnel before (left side) and after (right side) the TCL release. After the TCL release, the more convex shape of the TCL resulted…
Fig. 18.1 Cross-sectional appearance of peripheral nerve. Obtained from: Biazar E, Khorasani MT, Montazeri N et al. Types of neural guides and using nanotechnology for peripheral nerve reconstruction. Int J…
Fig. 30.1 Diagram of the gate control theory proposed by Melzack and Wall. The T cell is a neuron with ascending fibers in the spinothalamic, spinoreticular, and spinomesencephalic tracts. The…
Fig. 28.1 Anatomy of the median nerve. (a) Illustration demonstrating the course of the median nerve as it passes through the antecubital fossa. The nerve runs deep to the bicipital…
Recommended electrodiagnostic testing NCS EMG Median n. sensory across the wrist Thenar musculature Median n. motor to thenar muscles C5-T1 sample musculature Motor and sensory testing of another nerve in…
IASP criteria for CRPS CRPS type 1 Two to four of the following criteria must be met, with two to four being mandatory CRPS type 2 All of the following…
Fig. 1.1 Illustrations of median nerve anomalies in the carpal tunnel . Group 1 refers to thenar motor branch anomalies: (A) subligamentous, (B) transligamentous, (C) ulnar takeoff, or (D) supraligamentous….
