Musculoskeletal Key

Refractory pain Significant dysfunction and disability Posterosuperior, massive rotator cuff tear or failed prior repair that is no longer amenable to repair or has a high likelihood of failure with…

Stage 0 Completely normal muscle, no fatty streaks Stage 1 Muscle contains some fatty streaks Stage 2 More muscle than fat infiltration Stage 3 Muscle equal to fat infiltration Stage…

Fig. 1.1 (a) Thin and disorganized collagen fibers in the torn tendon (large tear, 10× magnification). (b) Split collagen fibers replaced with myxoid degeneration (large tear, 20×). (c) Hyaline degeneration;…

Fig. 4.1 Rotator cuff tear progression on sequential MRI studies. (a, b) Select coronal T2-weighted images demonstrate a medium-sized supraspinatus tear retracted to the mid-humeral head and without extension into…

Fig. 11.1 Patient is a 75-year-old male with a 3-year history of shoulder pain without a defined traumatic event. He is able to elevate his arm above his head, but…

Fig. 2.1 The Jobe test, or “empty can test,” is useful to evaluate for tears that involve the supraspinatus. The test is performed with the patient’s shoulders flexed to 90°…

Cuff tear arthropathy in the elderly, low-demand patient desiring only pain relief and a low-risk operation (Fig. 9.1) Cuff tear arthropathy or massive rotator cuff tear with preoperative forward elevation…

Fig. 6.1 View of the lateral aspect of the shoulder. Different-colored sutures from the medial row anchor/aspect of tendon through the patch Once the medial sutures are passed through the…