Synovitis Stretching of the joint capsule Periosteal elevation Pain at tendon and ligament insertion sites (enthesopathy) Muscular hypertonus Increased intra-articular pressure Bone microfractures 13.4 Risk Factors of OA Development In…
Fig. 16.1 Predisposing factors of metabolic arthritis and avascular necrosis Osteopenia or osteoporosis commonly found in older population is usually more marked if associated with MS; however, with concomitant osteochondrosis…
Fig. 18.1 Knees – AP – early signs of chondrocalcinosis, fine linear shadow in the central part of the tibiofemoral joint space in both knees, calcification of hyaline cartilage (red…
Fig. 32.1 Arthrodesis of the knee joint with a nail In the long run, it eliminates pain and improves weight bearing capacity and stability at the expense of certain limitation…
Fig. 34.1 Based on bone mineral density (BMD), a majority of women with fractures do not have osteoporosis (WHO) (Adjusted after: Siris et al. [34]) The ageing process is associated…
Fig. 9.1 Scheme of the dissecting aneurysm of the thoracic and abdominal aorta in an 84-year-old woman; (1) beginning of dissection, (2) end of dissection Figure 9.2 shows histotopography (photo…
Fig. 1.1 Ulnar drift of hands in an EORA female patient, with associated tendovaginitis of extensors, interosseous muscle atrophy and rheumatoid nodules (Courtesy of Professor J. Vencovský, MD, DSc) Fig….
Fig. 27.1 Degenerative spinal canal stenosis Arthritic changes often result in a different movement pattern than other spinal disorders. Movement is limited primarily in back and side bending, when articular…
The value PMR-AS < 7 indicates a low disease activity, PMR-SA of 7–17 a medium and PMR-AS > 17 a high PMR activity [77]. Unlike PMR treatment, GCA therapy begins…
CD forms Classic Silent Latent Potential Subclinical Symptoms + (+RA)/− − Often – Atypical Biopsy + + ↑IEL ↑IEL/− + Serology + + + ± + +RA positive family history,…
