Prognostic Factors and Outcome Measures in Perthes Disease
The shape of the femoral head at the time when Perthes disease heals is the most important determinant of the risk for degenerative arthritis; hence, the shape of the femoral…
Pathophysiology, Classifications, and Natural History of Perthes Disease
Since the original reports of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD), much research effort has been undertaken to improve understanding of this idiopathic hip disorder. This article focuses on the current knowledge of…
The Epidemiology and Etiology of Perthes Disease
The incidence of Perthes disease varies markedly both between countries and within countries down to a local level. The disease is more common in white than in Asian or black…
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Charles T. Price, MD, Guest Editor Benjamin Joseph, MS Orth, MCh Orth, Guest Editor A hundred years after the description of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, the aetiology remains elusive and a great…
Emerging Technologies for Molecular Therapy for Intervertebral Disk Degeneration
Intervertebral disks are biologically regulated by the maintenance of a balance between the anabolic and catabolic activities of disk cells. Therapeutic agents, initially evaluated using in vitro studies on disk…
Stem Cell Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disk
The use of stem cell applications has been explored and aimed at regenerating the intervertebral disk. The microenvironment in which cells of the intervertebral disk reside is harsh; however, researchers…
Gene Therapy for Intervertebral Disk Degeneration
Intervertebral disk degeneration is a common and potentially debilitating disease process affecting millions of Americans and other populations each year. Current treatments address resultant symptoms and not the underlying pathophysiology…
Tissue Engineering for Intervertebral Disk Degeneration
Many challenges confront intervertebral disk engineering owing to complexity and the presence of extraordinary stresses. Rebuilding a disk of native function could be useful for removal of the symptoms and…
Prosthetic Total Disk Replacement—Can We Learn from Total Hip Replacement?
Total lumbar disk replacement has become a routine procedure in many countries. However, discussions regarding its use are ongoing. Issues focus on patient selection, technical limitations, and avoidance or management…
Management of Degenerative Disk Disease and Chronic Low Back Pain
Degenerative disk disease is a strong etiologic risk factor of chronic low back pain (LBP). A multidisciplinary approach to treatment is often warranted. Patient education, medication, and cognitive behavioral therapies…
