Two-Part Fractures and Fracture-Dislocations FRANK A. LIPORACE AND KENNETH J. KOVAL Proximal humerus fractures are most commonly classified according to the number of parts.1,2 According to Neer, a part is…
Four-Part Fractures and Fracture-Dislocations DOUGLAS MURRAY AND JOSEPH D. ZUCKERMAN Four-part fractures represent 2 to 10% of all proximal humerus fractures and are associated with a higher energy mechanism of…
Scapula Fractures GERARD K. JEONG AND JOSEPH D. ZUCKERMAN Fractures of the scapula are relatively uncommon injuries representing about 0.5 to 1.0% of all fractures and only 3 to 5%…
Proximal Humeral Fractures: Clinical Evaluation and Classification MATTHEW I. LEIBMAN AND JOSEPH D. ZUCKERMAN Fractures of the proximal humerus are potentially complex injuries that can be challenging to diagnose and…
Clavicle Fractures ERIK N. KUBIAK, KENNETH J. KOVAL, AND JOSEPH D. ZUCKERMAN Clavicle fractures account for 2.6 to 12% of all fractures, and 44 to 66% of fractures about the…
Humeral Head Impression Fractures and Head-Splitting Fractures ANDREW L. CHEN, STEPHEN A. HUNT, AND JOSEPH D. ZUCKERMAN Humeral Head Impression Fractures The diagnosis and treatment of impression fractures of the…
Anatomy of the Shoulder ERIK N. KUBIAK, KENNETH J. KOVAL, AND JOSEPH D. ZUCKERMAN The shoulder is a complex joint composed of four articulations, the sum of whose motions provide…
Principles of Treatment and Outcomes Assessment JOSEPH D. ZUCKERMAN AND SAMUEL S. PARK The ultimate goal of any medical treatment is to improve, or at least maintain, the overall health…
Three-Part Fractures and Fracture-Dislocations KENNETH A. EGOLAND KENNETH J. KOVAL Proximal humerus fractures are common fractures and account for 10% of fractures in patients over age 65.1 Understanding the anatomy…
One-Part Fractures STEVEN S. SHIN AND JOSEPH D. ZUCKERMAN Fractures about the shoulder make up 5% of all fractures.1 Among patients aged 15 to 64, proximal humerus fractures make up…
