Arthroscopic Treatment of Anterior Shoulder Instability Robert A. Arciero Anthony Parrino DEFINITION Glenohumeral stability depends on static and dynamic restraints to ensure stable yet unconstrained range of motion. Laxity is…
Arthroscopic Treatment of Posterior Shoulder Instability Fotios P. Tjoumakaris James P. Bradley DEFINITION Posterior shoulder instability results in pathologic glenohumeral translation ranging from mild subluxation to traumatic dislocation. Most patients…
Shoulder Arthroscopy: The Basics Elizabeth Matzkin Craig R. Bottoni DEFINITION The shoulder is a spheroidal multiaxial joint stabilized not only by its bony anatomy but also by the surrounding muscles…
Posterior Thoracic and Lumbar Approaches Sreeharsha V. Nandyala Alejandro Marquez-Lara Junyoung Ahn Kern Singh ANATOMY Superficial landmarks enable gross determination of the anatomic level. Proximally, C7 and T1 are the…
Anterior Lumbar Approach D. Alex Stroh Brad W. Moatz P. Justin Tortolani DEFINITION The anterior lumbar approach provides excellent access to the lumbar spine extending from the L2-L3 disc to…
Anterior Thoracic Approach Morgan N. Chen Samuel C. Overley Sheeraz A. Qureshi Andrew C. Hecht DEFINITION The anterior approach can be used to access the thoracic spine for decompression, deformity…
Posterior Cervical Approach Raj Rao Satyajit V. Marawar ANATOMY Posterior Cervical Musculature The muscles covering the posterior aspect of the cervical spine are arranged in three layers (FIG 1). Superficial…
Anterior Cervical Approaches John Heflin John M. Rhee GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Anterior Approach (Smith-Robinson) The approach chosen depends on a number of factors, including the spinal segments that must be exposed,…
Opening Wedge Thoracoplasty and Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib Insertion for Congenital Scoliosis and Fused Ribs Robert M. Campbell Jr. DEFINITION This procedure lengthens the concave constricted hemithorax through a…
Decompression, Posterolateral, and Interbody Fusion for High-Grade Spondylolisthesis Nanjundappa S. Harshavardhana Dino Colo John P. Dormans DEFINITION Spondylolisthesis is derived from the Greek words (spondylo = spine and olisthesis =…
