Musculoskeletal Key

Flail Toe with Bone Graft Kieran T. Mahan Although the outcomes of digital surgery are usually good, complications do occur. Excessive bone resection, bone resorption, and overlengthening of the extensors…

Interdigital Neuroma (Morton Neuroma) Jeffrey S. Boberg Cameron L. Eilts Morton in 1876 attributed associated clinical symptoms of a neuroma to an “affection of the fourth metatarsophalangeal joint” and to…

Lesser Digital Deformities: Etiology, Procedural Selection, and Arthroplasty Jeffrey S. Boberg Jason J. Willis Lesser digital deformities are perhaps one of the most common problems afflicting the foot and ankle….

Instrumentation D. Scot Malay Robyn Winner Surgical instrumentation is highly specialized, and it has been said that there is a tool for every maneuver. In many instances, multiple instruments serve…

Nail Surgery Timothy W. Crislip Jeffrey S. Boberg Pain associated with an ingrown toenail is a common presenting complaint in a foot surgeon’s office. The term ingrown nail and onychocryptosis…

Perioperative Antibiotics Amanda Meszaros Historically, infection and mortality rates following surgical procedures were extremely high. In the 1600s, clinical signs of infection, including erythema, calor, and gross purulence, were thought…

Suture Materials and Needles Danny R. Fijalkowski Sutures and needles are an integral part of surgery. There is a wide array of suture and needle products available, many designed with…

Absorbable Biomaterials Adam S. Landsman Absorbable biomaterials have filled an important niche among the devices designed for repair of fractures and reconstructive surgery. When considering absorbable devices, most surgeons tend…

Perioperative Pain Management Andrew J. Meyr John S. Steinberg Since the beginnings of recorded history, the management of pain has served as the focus and foundation of the science of…