Shoulder Defects. Congenital elevation of the scapula (see Plate 4-28) and absence of the pectoral muscles are the two types of failure of differentiation in the shoulder. Skeletal involvement at…
Ulnar Deficiency. Longitudinal deformities of the ulnar ray (see Plate 4-47) are sporadic and nonhereditary and are among the rarest congenital anomalies of the upper limb. Ulnar ray defects are…
Treatment is identical for both partial and complete radial deficits. In the first few months after birth, the dislocated hand is treated with corrective plaster casts in an approach similar…
Children with this deformity are fitted with a below-knee prosthesis that has a plastic socket, condylar cuff, and SACH foot. In some patients, use of rigid knee joints and a…
If a prosthesis is used, the length of the stump and the patient’s age determine the type of prosthesis. The infant with a very short below-elbow stump is fitted with…
I. Failure of Formation of Parts (Transverse and Longitudinal Arrest) II. Failure of Differentiation of Parts III. Duplication IV. Overgrowth V. Undergrowth VI. Congenital Constriction Band Syndrome VII. Generalized Skeletal…
Wrist Disarticulation Type. This apparently autosomal recessive trait is more common in females and is seldom bilateral. Typically, the stump is long, and skin nubbins represent failure of digit development….
The growth and development of the limbs are controlled by specific genes. At the tip of each limb bud is a collection of ectodermal cells called the apical ectodermal ridge…
Chondrodiastasis, or symmetric distraction of the growth plate, can be considered when the leg-length discrepancy is small. The procedure stimulates closure of the growth plate; however, its use is limited…
Lengthening is appropriate to consider in children 8 to 12 years of age who have a predicted leg-length discrepancy at maturity of 5 cm or more. The discrepancy in a…
