Deep Venous Thrombosis SELECTED PROPHYLAXIS OPTIONS Low-Dose Unfractìonated Heparin (LDUH) – LDUH binds with antithrom-bin III to inhibit factor Ha (thrombin) and factor Xa (intrinsic clotting pathway). Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH)…
Spasticity Spasticity is a disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increased resistance to passive stretch, associated with exaggerated tendon jerks, resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex. Spasticity is part of…
Knee Orthopaedic Tests Palpation Anterior Aspect Patella, Quadriceps Femoris Tendon, and Patella Ligament Descriptive Anatomy The suprapatellar tendon anchors the patella to the anterior aspect of the knee superiorly. This…
Speech and Swallowing APHASIA Defined as impairment of speaking, listening, reading, and/or writing secondary to brain insult. Broca’s, Wernicke’s, and global aphasias are the most common. Many cases do not…
Neurogenic Bladder Neurophysiology – Bladder distention activates detrusor stretch (δ) receptors, which in turn activate the sacral micturition center at S2-4. During bladder filling, the intact cerebral cortex inhibits the…
Traumatic Brain Injury INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY TBI is a serious public health problem in the United States. Each year, an estimated 1.7 million people sustain a TBI.1 Of them 52,000…
Lumbar Orthopaedic Tests Palpation Spinous Processes Descriptive Anatomy The five lumbar spinous processes are large and easily palpable with the spinal column in the flexed position (Fig. 10-1). The fifth…
Spinal Cord Injury EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TRAUMATIC SCI There are ≈12,000 new patients who survive SCI in the United States each year.1 Since 2005, the mean age at time of injury…
Movement Disorders Definition – A group of CNS degenerative diseases associated with involuntary movements or abnormalities of skeletal muscle tone and posture. They can be broadly classified as hypokinetic (too…
