Musculoskeletal Key

Wound Care/Diabetes DIABETES Diabetes is a metabolic disease that causes high blood glucose. This occurs either because insulin production is inadequate or because the body’s cells do not respond properly…

Bone Healing BONE HEALING Requires immobilization (fixation) and compression (optimal is 12 to 18 lb per in2) Bone can regenerate back to 100% of its strength following a fracture. The…

Bone Tumors Bone tumors are either primary or metastatic. Primary bone tumors can be either benign or malignant. Radioisotope scans (99-Tc MDP) can estimate the local intramedullary extent of the…

Radiology and Imaging X-rays should be taken: WEIGHT-BEARING ANGLE AND BASE OF GAIT Feet abducted 15° Medial malleoli 2″ apart STANDARD FOOT X-RAYS A/P, Lat, MO EXPOSURE FACTORS Kilovoltage peak…

Biomechanics JOINT ROM Hip Rotation Int Ext Adults 35°-40° 35°-40° Infants/elderly 20°-25° 45°-50° Flex/extension Flex Ext Straight knee 90°-100° 10°-20° Flexed knees 120°-130° Ab/adduction Abduction 24°-60° (ave 36°) Adduction <30°…

Arthritis SYSTEMIC FEATURES OF ARTHROPATHIES System Disease Manifestation Skin Psoriatic arthritis Psoriasis Reiter syndrome Keratoderma blennorrhagica Septic arthritis (esp Neisseria gonorrhoeae) Rash Lyme arthritis Erythema chronicum migrans SLE Butterfly rash,…

Plastic Surgery SKIN GRAFTS Skin Graft Classification Autograft Skin taken from one part of the body and used to cover a wound in another part of the body. The thinner…

Cardiology ANATOMY BLOOD FLOW THROUGH HEART Superior and inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonic valve Pulmonary artery Lungs Pulmonary veins Left atrium Mitral valve (bicuspid valve)…

Neurology NERVE ANATOMY AND TERMINOLOGY Perikarya—nerve cell body Axon—transmits neural signal to other neurons or to the organ/muscle Dendrite—receives neural input from other neurons Oligodendrocytes—type of glial cell (neural support…