Fig. 11.1 A schematic overview of the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration demonstrating the involvement of IL-1 in driving the aberrant cell biology and processes involved in matrix catabolism and…
Fig. 16.1 Schematic representation of the innervation of normal (top) and degenerated (bottom) intervertebral discs (IVDs), as well as the origin of sensory nerve fibers that innervate them. In the…
Fig. 21.1 Schematic representation of gene targeting in mice. Embryonic stem cells (ES) are collected from mouse blastocysts (1). ES are cultivated in vitro (2) and a targeting vector is…
Fig. 8.1 Distinct domain structures and differential cell localization of ADAMTS and ADAM proteinases. The domain structures of ADAMTS5 and of a typical ADAM proteinase are shown in the context…
Fig. 3.1 Development of the notochord and nucleus pulposus. (a) The nucleus is derived from the notochord, a rod-shaped embryonic structure that lies under the neural tube. Sclerotome condenses around…
Fig. 6.1 The axial skeleton is hypoxic and expresses HIF-1α. (a) Characterization of hypoxia- inducible reporter mice (5XHRE-LacZ reporter). Note activation of the reporter construct in mesenchymal condensations by β-gal…
