Implant (year of FDA approval) Material Bearing surface Articulations Constraint COR Fixation Cervical ProDisc-C (2007) CoCrMo Metal on polymer 1 Semiconstrained Fixed Midline keel bone ingrowth UHMWPE Prestige (2007) Stainless…
Fig. 17.1 Typical MRI appearance of large sacral chordoma 17.3 Clinical Features Patients diagnosed with a chordoma most commonly present with pain, regardless of location (Bergh et al. 2000; Boriani…
Date range www.pubmed.gov www.ors.org 2011 7 5 2006–2010 26 11 2001–2005 7 3 1996–2000 8 0 1991–1995 6 na >1990 4 na Survey of the number of intervertebral disc organ…
Fig. 4.1 Immunolocalization of aggrecan (a), versican (b), and toluidine blue-stained proteoglycan (c) in a 14-week gestational age fetal human intervertebral disc and adjacent cartilaginous vertebral body rudiment cartilages. Higher-power…
Fig. 23.1 Definition of a stem/progenitor cell. Criteria of stem/progenitor cell include clonogenicity, high proliferative capacity, self-renewal capability (from a single cell to reconstitute a tissue in which the cell…
Fig. 13.1 Sagittal T2-weighted lumbar MRI image demonstrating degeneration of the L4–5 intervertebral disc (white arrow). Water has high signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI imaging. As the disc degenerates, it…
Agent Target Effect Reference TGF-β Mature canine IVD PG synthesis increased up to 5X; higher in NP than AF Thompson et al. (1991) IGF-1 Mature canine IVD PG synthesis marginally…
Fig. 12.1 Representative proton T2 MRI (grayscale) and corresponding T1ρ maps (in color overlaid on grayscale T1ρ-weighted image) of the lumbar discs from a 52-year-old female (a) and a 35-year-old…
Author and year Sample size Race Age Gender Reduced signal intensity Reduced disc height Bulging Annular tears High-intensity zone Videman (1995)a 232 Finnish 49.3 (35–69) 100 % M L1/2 41.6…
Fig. 2.1 Schematic representations of the adult intervertebral disc. (a) Midsagittal cross section showing anatomical regions. (b) Three-dimensional view illustrating AF lamellar structure (Adapted from Smith et al. 2011) The…
