1. Neurologic Nerve root injury Compression Traction Dural tear Autonomic dysfunction Retrograde ejaculation Cauda equina syndrome Chronic pain Peripheral neuropathy secondary to compression 2. Pseudoarthrosis Severe grade spondylolithesis 3. Slip…
Fig. 22.1 (a) Representative lateral radiograph of degenerative spondylolisthesis; (b) AP radiograph of a noninstrumented posterolateral fusion. Arrows demonstrate a cleft in the intertransverse process fusion mass, indicative of a…
Direct nerve root stimulation-L5 Threshold (mA) Normal root threshold 1 First stimulation medial to pedicle 5–13 Lateral exposure and decompression of L5 root 3–8 Discectomy, sacral dome osteotomy 3–8 Reduction…
Fig. 23.1 Radiographs of a 16-year-old female with a 2-year history of chronic low back pain worse in extension. Right (a) and left (b) CT sagittal reconstruction and axial (c)…
Fig. 13.1 PLIF at the L4–5 level. (a) A laminectomy is performed. The interspinous ligament between L4 and L5 spinous processes are removed and the caudal part of the spinous…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Adam L. Wollowick and Vishal Sarwahi (eds.)Spondylolisthesis10.1007/978-1-4899-7575-1_28 28. Value Considerations in the Surgical Management of Spondylolisthesis Melissa Esparza1 and Sigurd H. Berven1 (1) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Francisco, 500 Parnassus…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Adam L. Wollowick and Vishal Sarwahi (eds.)Spondylolisthesis10.1007/978-1-4899-7575-1_10 10. Non-surgical Management of Spondylolisthesis in Adults Joseph M. Zavatsky1 , David C. Briski2 and Richard Frisch3 (1) Spine, Scoliosis and Deformity Institute, Florida Orthopaedic Institute, 10908 North…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Adam L. Wollowick and Vishal Sarwahi (eds.)Spondylolisthesis10.1007/978-1-4899-7575-1_9 9. Non-operative Treatment of Spondylolisthesis Benjamin D. Roye1 , Michael Vitale2 and Farah Hameed3 (1) Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York, 3959…
