Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 11.1 Toluidine blue staining of a cartilage biopsy specimen overlying a bone bruise harvested from an ACL-injured patient before ACL reconstruction (from [6]). This specimen was histologically graded as…

Fig. 23.1 PTA after previous both column plating of an acetabular fracture Bone Stock Patients with PTA from acetabular fractures treated nonoperatively may have altered bony anatomy secondary to remodeling…

Fig. 7.1 Left: Setup to initiate ACL rupture injuries, consisting of custom platens designed to hold the knee and ankle joints, a load cell, and a tube for administering anesthesia,…

Fig. 5.1 (a) Illustration of anatomy of meniscus orientation on the tibial plateau in the human left knee. (Reproduced from Makris et al. The knee meniscus: Structure-function, pathophysiology, current repair…

  Baseline 2-year Difference IKDC 53 (40, 65) 84 (74, 92) +31 KOOS ADL 88 (72, 97) 98.5 (92.6, 100) +10.5 KOOS QoL 38 (19, 50) 75 (62, 88) +37…

Fig. 15.1 Overview of cell death-related pathways. Extrinsic apoptosis involving death receptors and extracellular ligands leads to the activation of caspases. Inhibition of caspases is mediated by various molecules including…

Fig. 4.1 A load-controlled test apparatus to apply single or cyclic loads to multiple cartilage specimens. (A) Pneumatic air pistons to load the explants. (B) Piston rod with flat-bottom, cylindrical,…

Fig. 3.1 Prior to and during OIF/OND and OEF, frequencies of medical discharge due to osteoarthritis have stayed nearly the same. However, back, upper, and lower extremity conditions have resulted…