Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 18.1 Contact stress patterns across the surface of the proximal tibia at 14 % of the gait cycle show that load is distributed across both tibial plateaus but varies…

Fig. 19.1 This cut-through demonstrates a tear within the ACL (long arrow) on a 3D SPGR image (left) and a 2D Fast Spin Echo (FSE) T2 weighted image (right). The…

Fig. 24.1 These radiographs illustrate the tibial plafond fracture severity spectrum. Simple intra-articular fractures result from low energy impacts (left). As energy increases (moving from left to right in the…

Fig. 8.1 Left: illustrates displacement of a lateral tibial plateau fracture model used to assess the effect of displacement on observed contact stresses. Right: shows that greater joint displacement leads…

Fig. 17.1 Blunt impact suppresses cartilage ATP production. Explant cartilage was harvested for ATP assay 24 or 48 h postimpact (7 J/cm2). Cartilage was harvested from control (non-impacted) explants and…

Fig. 9.1 Dynamic human cadaveric ankle loading model in which ankles were made incongruous with a coronally directed osteotomy of the anterior distal tibial surface displaced proximally 2.0 mm (a)….

Fig. 25.1 Framework for PTOA Pathomechanics. Modified from: Andriacchi and Mundermann 2006 [13] Pre-injury biomarker generation. As illustrated in Fig. 25.1, biomarker generation may begin in the pre-injury phase among…

Fig. 14.1 Systemic aging changes that could contribute to the development of osteoarthritis, including post-traumatic OA. Reprinted with permission from HSS Journal 2012; 8:19 Relationship Between Age and the Development…

Fig. 12.1 Histologic cross section of a normal knee joint (Courtesy of Edward DiCarlo, MD, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY) Under physiological conditions, the subchondral bone adapts its…

First author Year Mouse strain Phenotype Outcome Reference Fitzgerald 2008 MRL/MpJ Knee articular cartilage defects, ear wounds Able to heal full-thickness knee articular cartilage defects, able to heal 2-mm ear…