Renal Vascular Thrombosis
Renal Vascular Thrombosis Stuart L. Goldstein L. Leighton Hill Renal vascular thrombosis is a rare condition in children that affects primarily neonates or children with a few select underlying conditions,…
Renal Hypertension
Renal Hypertension Daniel I. Feig Stuart L. Goldstein L. Leighton Hill An abnormal activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a significant cause of hypertension in children. Intrinsic renovascular hypertension…
Bartter Syndrome
Bartter Syndrome Myra L. Chiang Hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies comprise a set of clinically and genetically distinct inherited renal disorders previously summarized under the designation Bartter syndrome (BS). Recent identification of…
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Arundhati S. Kale L. Leighton Hill Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a hereditary or acquired disorder characterized by renal tubular resistance to the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin…
Disorders of Renal Phosphate Transport
Disorders of Renal Phosphate Transport Myra L. Chiang Phosphorus plays a critical role in skeletal development, mineralization, and cellular functions. The kidney regulates phosphate homeostasis by tubular reabsorption of filtered…
Disorders of Renal Glucose Transport
Disorders of Renal Glucose Transport L. Leighton Hill Primary renal glucosuria is a selective defect of proximal tubular glucose transport in which glucose is excreted in the urine at normal…
Panproximal Tubular Dysfunction (Fanconi Syndrome)
Panproximal Tubular Dysfunction (Fanconi Syndrome) Eileen D. Brewer Fanconi syndrome (FS) is the result of generalized transport dysfunction of the proximal renal tubule. It is characterized classically by excessive urinary…
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Renal Tubular Acidosis Myra L. Chiang L. Leighton Hill Renal tubular acidosis (RTA), a biochemical syndrome characterized by a persistent hyperchloremic (non–anion gap) metabolic acidosis, is caused by abnormalities in…
Nail-Patella Syndrome (Hereditary Onychoosteodysplasia)
Nail-Patella Syndrome (Hereditary Onychoosteodysplasia) David R. Powell The cardinal features of nail-patella syndrome (NPS) are dysplastic nails and hypoplastic patellae; some patients have iliac horns, knee and elbow abnormalities, cataracts,…
Primary Hyperoxaluria (Oxalosis)
Primary Hyperoxaluria (Oxalosis) David R. Powell EPIDEMIOLOGY Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) encompasses two rare autosomal recessive disorders associated with excess production and urinary excretion of oxalic acid; often the result is…
