Scleroderma

Jul 3, 2016 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Scleroderma

The basics Scleroderma is a heterogeneous condition characterised by progressive fibrosis, widespread vascular disease and immunological abnormalities. It is divided into limited cutaneous disease (formerly known as CREST syndrome) and…

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Vasculitis 1: Giant Cell Arteritis

Jul 3, 2016 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Vasculitis 1: Giant Cell Arteritis

Introduction The vasculitides are a heterogenous group of disorders caused by vascular inflammation. As the vessel wall dies, ischaemia and infarction occur distal to the area of necrosis. The easiest…

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Osteoporosis

Jul 3, 2016 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Osteoporosis

Introduction The World Health Organisation has defined osteoporosis as a ‘systemic skeletal disease characterised by low bone mass and microar-chitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone…

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Disorders of Bone Metabolism

Jul 3, 2016 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Disorders of Bone Metabolism

Bone remodelling Bone is generated and remodelled throughout life in cycles of tightly coupled osteoclastic and osteoblastic acivity. The osteoclast is a giant multinucleated cell derived from the monocyte/macrophage population…

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Fibromyalgia

Jul 3, 2016 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Fibromyalgia

Introduction Fibromyalgia is a non-inflammatory, non-autoimmune diffuse pain syndrome characterised by combinations of hyperalgesia, disordered non-restorative sleep and low mood. It can occur on its own (primary) or in association…

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Acute Joint Disease

Jul 3, 2016 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Acute Joint Disease

Introduction An acutely painful, swollen or hot joint is septic arthritis until proven otherwise. Joint infection is a medical emergency and is covered in detail in Chapter 28 , Infection…

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Infection and Malignancy

Jul 3, 2016 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Infection and Malignancy

Septic arthritis Septic arthritis is a rheumatological emergency. It is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality (up to 15%), so a high index of suspicion should always be maintained. Clinical…

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The Spondyloarthropathies

Jul 3, 2016 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on The Spondyloarthropathies

Introduction Ankylosing spondylitis is the commonest spondyloathropathy and is covered in detail in Chapter 25. Psoriatic, reactive and enteropathic arthritis are also referred to as spondyloarthropathies if they involve inflammatory…

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Ankylosing Spondylitis

Jul 3, 2016 by in RHEUMATOLOGY Comments Off on Ankylosing Spondylitis

Spondyloarthropathies is a collective term for a group of inflammatory joint diseases that may involve the spine. The classic spondyloarthropathy is ankylosing spondylitis in which pelvic and axial disease is…

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