Lengthening of Gastrocnemius Fascia James J. McCarthy David A. Spiegel DEFINITION Lengthening of gastrocnemius fascia is commonly performed for conditions in which the patient positions their foot in equinus either…
Distal Hamstring Lengthening Jon R. Davids DEFINITION The gait pattern of children with cerebral palsy (CP) is frequently disrupted by dynamic overactivity and shortening of the medial hamstring muscles. This…
Proximal Hamstring and Adductor Lengthening Freeman Miller Kirk W. Dabney DEFINITION Proximal hamstring lengthenings are primarily performed in the treatment of spastic hip subluxation, mainly in children prior to adolescence….
Rectus Femoris Transfer Jon R. Davids DEFINITION The gait pattern of children with cerebral palsy (CP) is frequently disrupted by dynamic overactivity of the rectus femoris muscle. This disruption is…
Surgical Repair of Irreducible Congenital Dislocation of the Knee Matthew B. Dobbs DEFINITION Congenital dislocation of the knee (CDK) is a rare deformity that presents at birth as recurvatum. The…
Adductor and Iliopsoas Release Tom F. Novacheck DEFINITION Psoas and adductor contractures are most common in cerebral palsy but can occur in any neuromuscular condition owing to disuse, muscular imbalance,…
Syme and Boyd Amputations for Fibular Deficiency Anthony Scaduto Robert M. Bernstein DEFINITION Fibular deficiency, previously known as fibular hemimelia, is a longitudinal deficiency of the fibula. It is the…
Multiple Percutaneous Osteotomies and Fassier-Duval Telescoping Nailing of Long Bones in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Paul W. Esposito François Fassier DEFINITION Children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and syndromes with congenital brittle bones…
Distal Tibial Osteotomy J. Eric Gordon DEFINITION Angular deformities of the distal tibia can lead to varus or valgus malalignment of the ankle joint. Rotational deformities of the tibia include…
Guided Growth to Correct Limb Deformity Ryan D. Muchow Kenneth J. Noonan DEFINITION The anatomic axis is the mid-diaphyseal line of a bone. The anatomic angle of the lower extremity…
