General Asymptomatic Emergent Pain Paraspinal mass Spinal cord compression Bone erosion with softtissue mass component Large lytic lesion in weight-bearing bonea Cauda equine compression Cortical disruption Radiculopathy Metastases to orbital…
Fig. 3.1 Mechanisms of bone cancer : Histophotomicrographs of confocal (a) and histologic (b) serial images of normal bone and confocal images of spinal cord of tumor-bearing mice (d and…
Guideline Recommendation for bone scan Recommendation for CT/MRI National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) [10] Symptomatic patients Those with a life expectancy >5 years and … PSA >20 T2 disease with…
Fig. 11.1 (a) An anteroposterior radiograph of a suspected metastatic lesion in the humeral diaphysis. (b) The solid line indicates the planed open biopsy incision, longitudinally oriented within an extensile…
Fig. 2.1 Normal bone remodeling Osteoblasts Osteoblasts differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells located in the bone marrow stroma. They regulate bone mineralization and synthesize the dense cross-linked collagen that will…
Fig. 12.1 The mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates and denosumab with relation to the osteoclast. RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand The second class of medication consists of…
Fig. 28.1 Preoperative (a) and postoperative (b) radiographs of a 61-year-old man with metastatic lung carcinoma to the proximal ulna with minimally displaced pathologic fracture . Treatment consisted of curettage…
Origin Survival Comments Breast Median 33 months [21] Following diagnosis of bone metastases only Overall survival 30 months 10.6 months 27.3 months [26] ER+/PR+ Triple negative Bone metastases only Prostate…
