Closed Head Injury
Fig. 13.1 Pathophysiology of the inflammatory cascade and iatrogenic “2nd hit” insults leading to secondary brain injury Consequently, alternative strategies to provide early fracture stabilization of long bones, while avoiding…
Chest Trauma and Lung Contusions
Injury description AIS Pulmonary contusion 3 Fracture <3 ribs 1–2 Flail chest, unilateral 3 Blunt cardiac injury, minor ECG changes 3 Torn descending thoracic aorta 4–5 Epidemiology Thoracic injury is…
Perioperative Management
Scene and situation Kinematics and mechanisms Height of fall, death of other passengers Use of safety devices Airbag, helmet or other protective gear Time of injury Initial patient status Vitals…
Musculoskeletal Injury
Fig. 1.1 Blood supply to the skin Subcutaneous Tissue The subcutaneous tissue is usually a part of the examination at the time of a skin injury. In most closed injuries,…
The Multiply Injured Patient
ISS > 40 Body temperature below 95 °F Multiple injuries (ISS > 20) in combination with thorax trauma Multiple injuries in combination with severe abdominal or pelvic injury and hemorrhagic shock in the moment…
