Upper Extremity Fractures in Children
Upper Extremity Fractures in Children David L. Skaggs Steven Frick INJURIES OF THE SHOULDER AND HUMERUS The clavicle, scapula, and humerus articulate to form the shoulder. The clavicle is flat…
Developmental Hip Dysplasia and Dislocation
Developmental Hip Dysplasia and Dislocation Stuart L. Weinstein In the pediatric orthopaedic literature, the longstanding terminology of congenital dysplasia or congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) has been progressively replaced…
The Lower Extremity
The Lower Extremity Perry L. Schoenecker Margaret M. Rich J. Eric Gordon ROTATIONAL VARIATION Definition. Rotational profiles vary widely among healthy children (1, 2 and 3). Differences in appearance related…
Sports Medicine in the Growing Child
Sports Medicine in the Growing Child R. Baxter Willis Mininder S. Kocher Theodore J. Ganley INTRODUCTION Risks of Injury during Sports Participation. It is estimated that approximately 30 million children…
Thoracolumbar Spine and Lower Extremity Fractures
Thoracolumbar Spine and Lower Extremity Fractures Ernest L. Sink John M. Flynn FRACTURES OF THE THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE Clinical Features. Spine fractures in children represent 1% to 2% of…
The Child with a Limb Deficiency
The Child with a Limb Deficiency Richard E. Bowen Norman Y. Otsuka DEFINITION Generally speaking, limb deficiency is defined as the loss of any part of a limb. This can…
The Upper Limb
The Upper Limb Donald S. Bae Peter M. Waters The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the evaluation and treatment of common congenital differences, traumatic and posttraumatic conditions, neuromuscular…
The Principles of Pediatric Fracture and Trauma Care
The Principles of Pediatric Fracture and Trauma Care Martin J. Herman James J. McCarthy INTRODUCTION Fractures are common in children. Nearly one of three children will have at least one…
Limb-Length Discrepancy
Limb-Length Discrepancy Matthew A. Halanski Kenneth J. Noonan INTRODUCTION The child with a leg-length discrepancy presents a variety of challenges to the treating orthopaedist who must understand the natural history…
