Musculoskeletal Key

Percutaneous leads Paddle leads Advantages Relatively lower invasiveness Relative ease of insertion Epidural insertion below the cord level Ability to implant multiple leads at once Freedom to advance in cranio-caudal…

Fig. 18.1 The somatotopic organization of the thoracic dorsal columns: Note the proximity of the low back fibers to the lateral portions of the column and thus the entering dorsal…

Fig. 12.1 AP fluoroscopic view of right cervical medial branch block Fig. 12.2 Lateral illustration of cervical medial branch block. From Fung DA et al. Injections of the Cervical, Thoracic,…

Fig. 19.1 Placement of intrathecal catheter through Tuohy needle after accessing CSF. Note: Black suture is purse-string placed around needle as it passes through fascia which, at this point, remains…

(1) IPM Medical Group, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA, USA   KeywordsChronic painNeuromodulationSpinal cordStimulationIntrathecal drug deliveryPumpAxial painLow back painLimb painTonicHF10 therapyBurstDorsal root ganglionPost-lumbar laminectomyFBSSRadiculopathy Key Points Neuromodulation is quickly evolving to…

Fever or chills Trauma Unexplained weight loss Osteoporosis History of cancer History of ankylosing spondylitis History of intravenous drug abuse Bowel of bladder changes Recent infection Upper of lower extremity…

Fig. 20.1 Utility of MRI. (a) T1 MRI shows low attenuation in the acute L2 vertebral body fracture. (b) T2 MRI shows altered signal in the L2 vertebral body. (c)…

Fig. 17.1 Example of regional peripheral stimulation (in this case for axial thoracic pain). The two sets of electrodes have been inserted subcutaneously along the length of the demarcated lateral…

Fig. 21.1 Comparison of traditional and burst stimulation waveforms. Courtesy of St. Jude Medical Burst stimulation has been studied extensively. In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial comparing tonic stimulation with burst…

For the case of this example , let’s assume that the patient has axial back pain with unilateral lower extremity radicular complaints and no weakness, or numbness, and is 2…