Musculoskeletal Key

Knee Pain Norman A. Johanson Paul Pellicci ANATOMY I. JOINTS There are three articulations in the knee, referred to as compartments. They can be affected separately or together as part…

Osteonecrosis Thomas P. Sculco Paul Lombardi An evaluation of hip pain begins with considering the multiple structure/function relationships that comprise the joint itself and the surrounding soft tissue structures. The…

Elbow Pain Robert N. Hotchkiss The articular anatomy of the elbow is unique because it contains two independent axes of motion in the same synovial pouch. The ulnohumeral joint determines…

Low Back Pain Hallett H. Whitman III Daniel J. Clauw John F. Beary III KEY POINTS Low back pain (LBP) is the second most common condition seen in primary care…

Shoulder Pain Andrew D. Pearle Russell F. Warren KEY POINTS The prevalence of shoulder pathologies varies with age, with instability and superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion common in the…

Autoimmune and Inflammatory Ophthalmic Diseases Sergio Schwartzman C. Michael Samson Scott S. Weissman KEY POINTS There are multiple autoimmune diseases that can affect the eye with different implications. These can…

Neck Pain James C. Farmer David A. Bomback Thomas P. Sculco KEY POINTS Degenerative disease of the cervical spine, or cervical spondylosis, is an age-related process that affects many components…

Raynaud’s Phenomenon Kyriakos A. Kirou KEY POINTS Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is characterized by episodic vasospasm and occlusion of the digital arteries in response to cold and emotional stress. This manifests…

Muscle Pain and Weakness Lawrence J. Kagen KEY POINTS Consider the etiology of muscle pain and weakness in several categories. Important diagnostic considerations should include the following: Is the presentation…

Rash and Arthritis Henry Lee Rachelle Scott Animesh A. Sinha KEY POINTS Mucocutaneous lesions are an important clinical feature of a number of conditions presenting with arthritis, ranging from infectious…