Musculoskeletal Key

Level 5: N Normal 100 % Full, normal muscle strength Level 4: G Good Approx. 75 % Medium resistance can be overcome in full range of motion Level 3: F…

Fig. 19.1 Radiogenic fracture of the proximal humerus of a 11-year old male patient. After complete surgical removal (R0) of a recurrent Desmoid-type fibromatosis local radiotherapy with 60 Gy was…

Fig. 23.1 Radiograph of 56 year-old female 1 year after open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humerus fracture with a surgical neck nonunion and a broken proximal humeral locking…

Fig. 17.1 The figure demonstrates X-rays in ap and axial view of a left shoulder. Depicted is a Neer IV.4 fracture Fig. 17.2 The figure depicts axial as well as…

Fig. 11.1 Intraoperative situs of a chronic massive RCT in a humeral head fracture (Courtesy of Dr. V. Braunstein, Munich) Preoperative Diagnostics A detailed acquisition of history of shoulder complaints…

Fig. 29.1 The square method to identify the extent of the proximal humeral metaphyseal segment. The square is drawn with one of its side on the proximal humeral physeal plate…

Fig. 18.1 Here the fracture area is depicted (Reprinted with permission from Lorenz and Lenich [18]) Speedbridge Technique The speedbridge-technique is a totally knotless transosseous fixation of greater tuberosity fractures…

Fig. 1.1 Fractures arranged in order of decreasing frequency in % (Data from [3]) Epidemiology of Proximal Humerus Fractures Similar to other fractures of the upper extremity, fractures of the…

How severe is your pain? At its worst? When lying on the envolved side? Reaching for something on a high shelf? Touching the back of your neck? Pushing with the…

Fig. 15.1 The patient is positioned on a standard operating table in the 45° beach-chair position. A simple arm support is used to keep the arm in neutral position of…