Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 12.1 A relatively sharp injury. After proper debridement and bone shortening, direct wound closure could be achieved with minimal wound necrosis. A flap was not needed Fig. 12.2 A…

Fig. 5.1 (a, b) Difference between replantation and revascularization. (a) Represents a complete amputation requiring replantation. (b) Represents an incomplete nonviable amputation requiring microvascular anastomosis to maintain viability Amputations can…

Fig. 15.1 The Pyramid of Progressive Forces. Rehabilitation exercises generally begin at the base, where stress on tendons will be least. Stress increases as the exercises move up the pyramid,…

Fig. 14.1 (a, b) Avulsion amputation of the left forearm. (c) Radiograph showing the level of amputation and the proximal fracture in the humerus. (d) Rupture of the brachial artery…

Fig. 6.1 Use of T shunt in a distal forearm amputation, during osteosynthesis, to minimize ischemia time As mentioned above, x-rays are an extremely important part of the initial evaluation…

Fig. 13.1 Shearing force of the suture under tension will lead to tearing of the vascular wall The second aim of debridement is the identification of vessels and nerves. Prevention…

Fig. 4.1 A thumb avulsion injury that resulted in disruption of the flexor and extensor systems from their proximal muscle bellies. Additionally, the digital nerves are noted to disrupt proximally…

Fig. 3.1 Cross section of a nerve fiber demonstrating axons, fascicles along with the surrounding connective tissue layers: endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium (Reprinted with permission from the Cleveland Clinic Center…

Fig. 11.1 (a–d) Avulsion-type amputation in a 7-year-old child that occurred due to a door slam. (a) Dorsal view of the thumb with exposed distal phalanx. (b) Volar view with…

Fig. 2.1 Leonardo da Vinci: The proportions of the human figure (Vitruvian Man) (circa 1490). (Original at: Gabinetto dei disegni e stampe of the Gallerie dell’Accademia, Venice. In Public Domain…