Fig. 26.1 Interactions of ACL fixation devices and graft healing There are three distinct phases of graft healing in ACLR, including cell repopulation to the graft, proliferation phase, and remodeling…
Fig. 1.1 Level 4: throwing ball with partner on wobble board—correct knee position on wobble board. Throw a ball back and forth with a partner while each of you stands…
Fig. 37.1 Photograph of a typical right knee after complete dissection of the ALL, popliteus tendon, popliteo-fibular ligament, and lateral collateral ligament (Reused with permission from Claes et al. [8])…
Fig. 19.1 Anatomy of the ACL. (a) Anterior view of the knee. Both bundles are shown (AM anteromedial, PL posterolateral, PCL posterior cruciate ligament). (b, c) ACL femoral (b) and…
Fig. 29.1 (a) Partial rupture of the posterolateral (PL) bundle (white arrow). The anteromedial (AM) bundle (black arrow) of the ACL was well preserved although the remaining AM bundle is…
Fig. 28.1 Classification of the ACL remnant [21]. (a) Type 1: ACL remnant (black arrow) bridging the PCL (white arrow) and tibia. Normal attachment of the ACL to the femur…
© ISAKOS 2017Norimasa Nakamura, Stefano Zaffagnini, Robert G. Marx and Volker Musahl (eds.)Controversies in the Technical Aspects of ACL Reconstructionhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52742-9_45 45. Nonoperative Management of ACL Rupture Lynn Snyder-Mackler1 , Amelia Arundale1, Mathew Failla1, Elizabeth Wellsandt1, Hege Grindem2, Margherita Ricci3, Stefano Della Villa3 and May Arna Risberg2 (1) Department…
Risk factor Comment Graft type Autograft vs. allograft Patellar tendon (PT) allografts probably have a higher failure rate than PT autografts in young patients Hamstring vs. patellar tendon autograft Evidence…
Debridement Microfracture KOOS subscales N β 95 % CI p β 95 % CI p Pain 332 0.1 (−4.2 to 4.5) ns −4.2 (−8.6 to 0.2) ns Symptoms 335…
Timing of ACL injury Definition Acute <3 weeks from injury Semi-acute 3–8 weeks from injury Chronic >8 weeks from injury Other factors Isolated No other ligamentous injury Combined Concomitant injury…
