Musculoskeletal Key

Introduction Osteotomies around the knee play a pivotal role in the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis. They are also used as concomitant procedures to other joint preservation techniques, such as…

Introduction Patellar instability is a common cause of knee dysfunction in adolescents and young adults, with primary patellar dislocations occurring at an incidence of 42 per 100,000 person-years. Management after…

Background Focal articular cartilage lesions or defects are common in arthroscopic surgery of the knee. Chondral defects may occur as a result of overt trauma, but can also occur because…

Introduction Although once considered rare among skeletally immature patients, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have increased in frequency among children and adolescents over recent years. , The observed increase in…

Introduction Chondral injuries are becoming an increasingly recognized cause of pain and disability in the knee. , When patients with focal symptomatic chondral defects fail nonoperative management, surgical intervention is…

Introduction Multiligament injuries can pose challenging scenarios in terms of treatment protocols because of the complex nature of the injury mechanisms and potential complications that may occur. A knee dislocation…

Introduction The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is one of the most frequently injured ligaments of the knee. Earlier studies tended to focus primarily on injury to the MCL; however, recent…

Introduction Research regarding the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee has significantly improved our understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics it encompasses, yielding vital information regarding the three major stabilizing…

Introduction Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are most commonly encountered in the setting of multiligamentous knee injuries. Isolated injuries of the PCL are relatively less common by comparison. A prospective…

Introduction Although once thought to be uncommon, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are increasingly recognized in the pediatric and adolescent athletic population. In total, 12% to 36% of children and…