Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 19.1 (a, b) Suspected femoral neck fracture X ray (a), CT (b) 19.5.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI, MRT) MRI is rarely indicated, generally only if a fracture cannot be…

Fig. 12.1 Approach to the ulna. The skin incision is performed 5-mm volar or dorsal of the palpable edge of the ulna on a line between the olecranon and styloid…

Fig. 27.1 The foot position at the moment of the axial impact. (a) Impartial position (b) dorsiflexion (c) plantarflexion 27.4 Classification Since the 1960s, several classifications have been developed [9,…

A 1: Simple (two–fragment) pertrochanteric fractures A1.1 Fractures following the intertrochanteric line A1.2 Fractures through the greater trochanter A1.3 Fractures below the lesser trochanter A 2: Multifragmentary pertrochanteric fractures A2.1…

Type Description 1A Dislocation with fracture distal to the fovea capitis femoris 1B Dislocation with fracture distal to the fovea capitis femoris associated with an acetabular fracture 2A Dislocation with…

Fig. 8.1 AO-Classification of distal humerus fractures Coronal shear fractures represent a special entity of distal humerus fractures. Dubberly in 2006 introduced a classification system based on three fracture types,…

Fig. 11.1 Mason classification modified by Johnston Type I Not or minimally displaced two-part fracture (<2 mm) Type II Displaced two-part fracture (>2 mm) Type III Fractures with more than…

  Key muscles Key sensory points Reflexes C4 Shoulder elevation (M. deltoideus) Shoulder C5/6 Biceps tendon reflex C5 Elbow flexion (M. biceps, M. brachioradialis) Lateral upper arm C5/6 Brachioradial tendon…

Partial-thickness tear (P): classification according to Ellman Grade Size I <3 mm deep II 3–6 mm deep III >6 mm deep Localization   A Articular surface B Bursal surface C…

AO Schatzker Description 41-A   Extra-articular fractures 41-B   Partial intra-articular fractures B1 I Split fracture of the lateral plateau B2 III Depression fracture of the lateral plateau B3 II…