Fig. 11.1 Multiplanar reformatted targeted three-dimensional T2 preparation echo coronary MRI depicting the right coronary artery (RCA), left main coronary artery (LM), and left circumflex (LCX). The in-plane spatial resolution…
Fig. 9.1 Prospectively triggered scanning. In this mode there is intermittent table motion, triggered by the ECG R-wave of the oncoming beat. Prospective mode is facilitated by a wider detector…
Fig. 8.1 Illustration of an x-ray source with a detector array Scans were acquired in a “step and shoot” mode in which 35–40 continuous gapless slices of 1–3 mm thickness…
Fig. 7.1 Angiographic underestimation of disease. Although angiogram (top) shows only minor luminal irregularities, two sites in the left anterior descending artery (arrows) show major atherosclerosis (below). The entire vessel…
Fig. 5.1 Anatomy of the carotid artery Frequency and Severity: Contour of the bruit, especially in the <200 Hertz (Hz) frequency range, is poorly predictive of degree of stenosis [6,…
Fig. 4.1 Prevalence of cardiovascular disease by age and sex in adults age 20 and older: NHANES 2003–2006 (Source: NCHS and NHLBI. These data include CHD, HF, stroke, and hypertension…
Fig. 6.1 Cardiac catheterization lab equipment. X-rays are emitted from the source and travel through the patient to the image intensifier (Reproduced with permission of Elsevier from Libby et al….
Fig. 3.1 Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for all males and females in the United States in 2006 (Source for data: NCHS and NHLBI. Reproduced with permission…
Fig. 10.1 Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the arterial wall illustrating distinct histological layers of the intima (red arrow) and media (green arrow). The intima-media thickness, measured via ultrasound, is…
Fig. 2.1 Potential pathways and mechanisms for cigarette smoking-mediated cardiovascular dysfunction. The bold boxes and arrows in the flow diagram represent the probable central mechanisms in the complex pathophysiology of…
