Injections 1.1 General Principles Clin Sports Med 1995;14:353; Geriatrics 1990;45:45; Curr Opin Rheumatol 1999;11:417 Medications: Dexamethasone acetate (Decadron LA) 8 mg/cc Triamcinolone diacetate (Aristocort) 40 mg/cc Local anesthetics: lidocaine 1%,…
Nutrition and Ergogenics 3.1 General Nutrition guidelines are established every 5 years by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (http://www.nalusda.gov/fnic/dga/dguide95.html). The Food…
Environmental Injuries 2.1 Acute Mountain Sickness Respirology 2004;9:485; Br J Sports Med 1999;33:376 Cause: Hypoxia associated with rapid ascent to altitude. Epidem: Altitude illness develops at elevations above 2,000-2,400 m,…
Ankle Sprain, Acute Description Acute ankle sprain is the stretching or tearing of one or more ligaments in the ankle. A two-ligament sprain causes more disability than a single-ligament sprain….
Shoulder Stiffness/Frozen Shoulder/Adhesive Capsulitis Description Loss of motion in the shoulder may occur for many reasons. In many situations, the stiffness is related to tightness of the soft tissues—the muscles,…
Rotator Cuff Tear, Surgery for Indications: who needs surgery, when and why, and goals Surgery for a rotator cuff tear is reserved for people who have continuing shoulder pain that…
SLAP Lesions Description The socket of the shoulder, the glenoid, has a cartilage rim that lines its periphery; this cartilage rim is called the labrum, and it is important in…
Shoulder Instability, Posterior Description Posterior shoulder instability is an injury to the shoulder joint that causes the upper arm (humerus) to be displaced from its normal position in the center…
Patellar Dislocation and Subluxation Description Patellar dislocation and subluxation are injuries to the kneecap (patella) that affect the joint it forms with the thigh bone (femur). The patella is a…
Shoulder Instability, Anterior Description Anterior shoulder instability is an injury to the shoulder joint that causes the upper arm bone (humerus) to be displaced from its normal position in the…
