Fig. 17.1 Typical examples of fascicle length changes during twitch contractions After a twitch contraction was elicited, maximal-voluntary isometric plantar flexion was performed for six seconds as a conditioning contraction….
Fig. 8.1 Scheme depicting the two major mechanisms purported to underlie the development of muscle cramps 8.5.1 Central Origin Theory Norris et al. (1957) proposed the central origin theory after…
Fig. 4.1 Tasks involving coordinated movements of the right fingers and the right toes. The fingers and the toes simultaneously flex or extend in Simul-Same and Simul-Opp, whereas finger flexion…
Fig. 7.1 Schematic diagram of possible mechanisms for muscle relaxation. One possible mechanism is shown on the left side: Increases in intracortical inhibition would contribute to decreased cortical excitability in…
Measure Lower-fit children Higher-fit children Young adults No. of participants 19 (9 females) 19 (10 females) 30 (14 females) Age (years) 10.6 (1.1) 10.4 (0.8) 21.5 (1.1) 20-m shuttle run…
© Springer Japan 2015Kazuyuki Kanosue, Tomoyuki Nagami and Jun Tsuchiya (eds.)Sports Performance10.1007/978-4-431-55315-1_25 25. Open Water Swimming Performance Reira Hara1 and Isao Muraoka2 (1) Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan (2) Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda…
Study Subjects Measurement parameters Methods Results Abe et al. (2000) Sprinters Distance runners Untrained controls MT of the vastus lateralis MT of the rectus femoris + vastus intermedius US Sprinters…
Authors (year) Subjects (mean age) Exercise modality Reps × sets (or time) intensity Duration frequency Results Narici et al. (1989) 4 M (28) KE (ISOK) 10 × 6 60 days [CSA] maximal 4 days/week…
Terada S, Tabata I (2004) Effects of acute bouts of running and swimming exercise on PGC-1alpha protein expression in rat epitrochlearis and soleus muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286(2):E208–E216PubMedCrossRef
Fig. 12.1 Example of abdominal image (umbilical region) of first year college American football player before and after 1 year of intentional weight gain While many studies have investigated the…
