Stress Fractures of the Fifth Metatarsal
Fig. 11.1 An illustration of the three different zones of the proximal fifth metatarsal [2]. Reprinted with permission from Dameron TB Jr. Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal: Selecting the…
SPORT MEDICINE
Stress Fractures of the Femur
• Training errors • Sudden increase in exercise intensity and/or frequency • Poor footwear • Leg length discrepancy • Coxa vara • Pes cavus • Insufficient energy intake • Low…
Stress Fractures of the Ribs and Girdle
Weight bearer (n = 12) Rower and axial rotator (n = 21) Overhead thrower (n = 16) Weight lifter (n = 24) Miscellaneous (n = 7) Olecranon (1) First rib (2) Clavicle (2) Acromion (4) Phalanx (1) Scapula (1) Ulnar…
Stress Fractures of the Pelvis
Fig. 7.1 An 18-year-old collegiate track and field athlete with a left sacral stress fracture. (a, b) The anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of the lumbosacral spine do not show…
Upper Extremity Stress Fractures
Fig. 15.1 A 19-year-old collegiate volleyball player with right elbow pain for 5 months. He attempted two courses of 4 weeks of rest with return of symptoms before diagnosis of…
Insufficiency Fractures
Major risk factors Minor risk factors Vertebral compression fracture Rheumatoid arthritis Fragility fracture after age 40 Past history of hyperthyroidism Family history of osteoporotic fracture Chronic anticonvulsant therapy Systemic glucocorticoid…
Stress Fractures of the Ankle
Fig. 12.1 (a) Mortise ankle radiograph in a 35-year-old female recreational runner with 3 months of left ankle pain. The patient was diagnosed with a lateral malleolar stress fracture. Notice…
Classification of Stress Fractures
Fig. 4.1 Diagram illustrating the spectrum of severity of bony stress injury including normal bone, stress reaction with no fracture, incomplete fracture, complete fracture without displacement, displaced fracture, and nonunion…
Biomechanics and Gait Analysis for Stress Fractures
Walking Running Ground reaction forces 1.5 × body weight 2–3 × body weight Velocity Lesser Greater Ranges of motion Lesser Greater Support phase Single and double limb support Single limb support only Greater…
Stress Fractures of the Tibia
Grade Pain Imaging findings Description I No Imaging evidence of stress fracture, no fracture line Asymptomatic stress reaction II Yes Imaging evidence of stress fracture, no fracture line Symptomatic stress…
