Fig. 11.1 (a) AP radiograph demonstrating a completely displaced and comminuted middle-third clavicle fracture. (b) Postoperative AP radiograph after open reduction internal fixation with a pre-contoured, superior clavicle locking plate…
Although older age is the greatest risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), OA is not an inevitable consequence of growing old. Radiographic changes of OA, particularly osteophytes, are common in the…
We reviewed three recently published guidelines for the management of osteoarthritis (OA) and considered the evidence and potential for implementation. From this we propose a minimum standard of care, or…
A systematic review of the clinical trials in osteoarthritis registered on the public website of the Clinical Trials Data Bank at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has been performed….
For the most part, non-pharmacological approaches are recommended for osteoarthritis treatment. This recommendation is based mainly on biomechanical observations leading to a modulation of the symptomatic loading joint. Approaches include…
Osteoarthritis (OA) is often a progressive and disabling disease, which occurs in the setting of a variety of risk factors – such as advancing age, obesity and trauma – that…
To be able to prevent progression of osteoarthritis, the knowledge of prognostic factors of this progression is important. If certain prognostic factors are modifiable, they may enhance our ability to…
Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made with respect to new concepts about the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). This article summarises some of the knowledge we have…
The knee is one of the most common joints affected by osteoarthritis (OA), frequently with clinical presentation by middle age or even earlier. Accumulating evidence supports that knee OA progression…
Since surfaces become irregular and debris from cartilage and meniscus gets released into the joint cavity of osteoarthritic joints, washing away this debris and attendant crystals, smoothing rough surfaces and…
