Life-threatening conditions Malignancy (leukaemia, lymphoma, bone tumour) Sepsis (septic arthritis, osteomyelitis) Non-accidental injury Joint pain with minimal or no swelling Hypermobility syndromes Orthopaedic syndromes (e.g. Osgood–Schlatter disease, Perthes’ disease) Idiopathic…
Fig. 38.1 Deep vein thrombosis of the right leg in a young boy Introduction Behçet’s disease is a systemic vasculitis of unknown origin, which is seen in the pediatric age…
Inflammatory Infection: septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, Lyme arthritis Reactive arthritis secondary to extra-articular bacterial (e.g., streptococcal, enteric bacteria) or viral infections (e.g., hepatitis B, parvovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella, rubella) Malignancies:…
Innate immunity Adaptive immunity Physical barriers Skin, mucous membrane Mucosal immune system Cellular component Neutrophils Macrophages and dendritic cells Natural killer cells T and B lymphocytes Soluble molecules (circulating…
Disease Gene defect Attack duration Clinical features Risk of amyloidosis Treatment Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) MEFV 1–3 days Episodic fever, peritonitis, pleuritis, erysipeloid erythema, monoarthritis M694V and M694I mutations Colchicine…
Type Subtype Features 1. Circumscribed morphea (a) Superficial Oval or round circumscribed areas of induration limited to the epidermis and dermis, often with altered pigmentation and violaceous, erythematous halo (lilac…
Class – name Light microscopy Immunofluorescence/electron microscopy (location of immune deposits) Proteinuria Hematuria Hypertension I – minimal mesangial Normal Mesangial Absent Absent Absent II – mesangial proliferative Mesangial expansion and/or…
Fig. 30.1 The scleroderma patterns in systemic sclerosis are characterised by progressive loss of capillaries. In an early pattern, there is a prevalence of giant capillaries without loss of capillaries….
Fig. 22.1 Cytolytic pathway proteins mutated in MAS. A diagram of the immunologic synapse between a cytolytic (to the left) lymphocyte and an APC (to the right) is portrayed. Proteins…
Fig. 37.1 Arrows showing multiple aneurysms in the medium-sized renal arteries. Upper arrow shows narrowing of a segment of the splenic artery Introduction Diagnosis of primary vasculitides in childhood is…
