After the nerve conduction studies are completed, the electrophysiologic evaluation moves on to the needle electromyography (EMG) examination. Like the nerve conduction studies, each needle EMG study must be individualized…
The use of repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) dates back to the late 1800s, when Jolly made visual observations of muscle movement that occurred after nerve stimulation. Although his initial studies…
Few routine electrophysiologic tests are available to evaluate the cranial nerves and their proximal segments other than visual and brainstem evoked potentials. However, cranial nerves V (trigeminal) and VII (facial),…
Electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies play a key role in the evaluation of patients with neuromuscular disorders. Among these studies are included nerve conduction studies (NCSs), repetitive nerve stimulation, late responses, blink…
Osteoporosis consists of a heterogeneous group of syndromes in which bone mass per unit volume is reduced in otherwise healthy bone, resulting in fragile bone. The increment in bone porosity…
History of Spinal Orthotic Management The first evidence of the use of spinal orthoses can be traced back to Galen (c. 131-201 ad ). Primitive orthotic devices were made of…
A Note About Common Data Elements for Traumatic Brain Injury Research In recent years, the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) has funded interagency efforts to streamline research…
Physiatrists are uniquely qualified to serve as sports medicine physicians and care for the recreational and competitive athlete as well as those who exercise for health-related benefits. Physiatrists are trained…
Historical Overview Pain Defined Pain is a subjective and entirely individually personal experience influenced by learning, context, and multiple psychosocial variables. Pain is not merely the end product of peripheral…
The rehabilitation professional is often asked to evaluate the patient with a painful, swollen, or ulcerated limb. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiology, available diagnostic testing, and clinical evaluation help…
