Ligament Injury and Pain Management R. Lance Snyder MD Eric C. McCarty md Key Points Bleeding, swelling, inflammation, pain, and impaired function follow a ligament injury. Multiple nerves around knee…

Posterior Mini-Incision Aclr Hamstring Harvest Chadwick Prodromos MD Key Points Using the traditional anterior approach to perform the hamstring harvest for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) can be a difficult…

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with the Posterior Inlay Graft Donald H. Johnson MD, FRCS Key Points The results of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction may be inconsistent due to the…

Medial Collateral Ligament Donald H. Johnson MD, FRCS Key Points The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is a broad ligament that attaches to the medial femoral epicondyle and to the medial…

Elbow Injuries Ronald M. Selby MD Marc R. Safran MD Stephen J. O’Brien MD, PLLC Key Points The elbow joint is multifaceted and works primarily in conjunction with the shoulder…

Sports Related Bony Lesions of the Hip: Fractures, Stress Fractures, Avulsion, AVN, Dislocation, and Subluxation Carlos A.M. Higuera MD Joshua M. Polster MD Wael K. Barsoum MD Viktor E. Krebs…

Injuries of the Wrist and Hand Ethan R. Wiesler MD Jian Shen MD Anastasios Papadonikolakis MD Key Points Wrist ligaments are classified as either extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic ligaments connect…

Occult Groin Injuries: Athletic Pubalgia, Sports Hernia, and Osteitis Pubis Michael B. Gerhardt MD John A. Brown MD Eric Giza MD Key Points Although most disorders of the groin in…

Snapping Hip Syndrome J.W. Thomas Byrd MD Key Points External coxa saltans is snapping due to the tensor fascia lata and iliotibial band flipping back and forth across the greater…

Extra-Articular Lesions Aaron A. Bare MD Carlos A. Guanche MD Key Points The anatomic and biomechanical considerations involved with these injuries include some of the more complex areas of the…