Thoracic Spine
Thoracic Spine 20.1 Anatomy William M. Falls Gail A. Shafer-Crane The thoracic spine, which consists of the 12 thoracic vertebrae, contains the thoracic and upper lumbar portions of the spinal…
ORTHOPEDIC
Lumbosacral Spine
Lumbosacral Spine 21.1 Anatomy William M. Falls Gail A. Shafer-Crane The lumbosacral spine, consisting of the five lumbar vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx, contains the cauda equina (lumbar, sacral,…
The Wrist and Hand
The Wrist and Hand 19.1 Anatomy Gail A. Shafer-Crane William M. Falls Osteology of the wrist and hand is complex, and designed to maximize manipulative ability. The intricacy of the…
The Shoulder
The Shoulder 17.1 Anatomy William M. Falls Gail A. Shafer-Crane The shoulder girdle is composed of three joints and one articulation, which work together to permit movement of the upper…
Head and Neck
Head and Neck 16.1 Anatomy William M. Falls Gail A. Shafer-Crane The skull is the skeleton of the head, which encloses the brain and its coverings as well as the…
Throwing Program
Throwing Program Steve Scher OVERVIEW When throwing athletes are ready to return to play after injury or time off, it is necessary to provide them with steps for a gradual…
Physical Examination Overview and Essentials
Physical Examination Overview and Essentials Steven J. Karageanes The physical examination is a crucial tool used by the sports medicine clinician to diagnose musculoskeletal injury. In skilled hands, the examination…
Core Stabilization in the Athlete
Core Stabilization in the Athlete Gwynne Waters OVERVIEW The core is where the human body’s center of gravity is located and where all movement begins. Core stabilization is particularly important…
Stretching
Stretching Angela Vitale INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS Tight or shortened muscles are vulnerable to injury, especially when there is demand for repetitive use of a particular muscle as required in sports-related…
