Non-accidental Injury
Skull Anterior posterior (AP), lateral, and Towne’s view (the latter if clinically indicated) Skull radiographs should be taken with the skeletal survey even if a CT scan has been or…
ORTHOPEDIC
The Paediatric Hip and Pelvis
Figure 5.1 An X-ray showing an avulsion fracture of the right anterior superior iliac spine Tile and Pennal A. Stable fractures. A1. Avulsion fractures. A2. Undisplaced pelvic…
Fractures of the Spine in Children
Child Adult Multiple level INJ Less common Common Structure injured Ligaments/soft tissues Bone Upper C-spine (%) 70 15 Spinal cord INJ (%) 10 30 SCIWORA (% of SCI) 16…
Trauma of the Knee
Figure 7.1 Radiographs of a distal femoral physeal injury and fixation using two parallel screws A long leg cast should be applied for 4–6 weeks. 7.1.1.6 Follow-Up K-wire pin sites…
Sports Injuries in Children
Figure 11.1 Lateral radiograph demonstrating L5/S1 spondylolysis 1. Grade I—0–25% slip. 2. Grade II—26–50% slip. 3. Grade III—51–75% slip. 4. Grade IV—76–99% slip. 5. Grade V—Spondyloptosis,…
The Response to Injury in the Child & Bone Healing
Figure 1.1 The Salter-Harris classification (Reprinted with permission from Rockwood and Wilkins’ Fractures in Children Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010) 1.6 Physeal Injuries and Arrest 1.6.1 Epidemiology Physeal injuries are…
Paediatric Tibial Fractures
Figure 8.1 Proximal tibia physis anatomy 8.4.2 Diaphyseal Physis Ossifies at 7 weeks of gestation and extends proximally and distally to meet the other tibial physes. 8.4.3 Distal Tibial Physis…
Paediatric Femoral Fractures
Figure 6.1 Skeletal traction with distal femoral traction pin Immediate hip spica casting. Delayed hip spica casting after 10–14 days. Deciding on the type of fixation also varies with age….
Assessment of Femoral Geometric Strength in Osteoporosis Using Hip Structure Analysis
Fig. 4.1 Limitations of areal bone mineral density. One of the limitations of areal bone mineral density is not presented bone structure. DXA scanner generates a 2D projection image of…
The Geometry of Lower Extremity and Atypical Femoral Fractures
Major featuresb Located anywhere along the femur from just distal to the lesser trochanter to just proximal to the supracondylar flare Associated with no trauma or minimal trauma, as in…
