Fig. 22.1 Annular fibers are oriented in a 30° orientation with the endplate (a). This permits a significant torsion prevention potential (arrows) (b). In fact, they are more optimally oriented…
Fig. 15.1 Predicted probabilities and 95 % confidence intervals for internal disk disruption (IDD), facet joint pain (FJP), sacroiliac joint pain (SIJP), and other sources of low back pain (LBP)…
Fig. 13.1 This is a typical graph seen in cost-effectiveness analysis literature comparing incremental costs versus incremental QALYs. The x-axis represents the health benefit in terms of QALYs. The y-axis…
Fig. 54.1 Anatomy of medical research Levels of evidence are defined by the study design and execution, and designs have been variously graded by their potential to eliminate bias [10,…
Fig. 27.1 Steps for an open right L4–L5 TLIF. (a) Exposure of the lamina and articular and transverse processes. (b) Osteotomy at the level of the right L4 pars interarticularis….
Recommendation 1 Do not operate in case of isolated low back pain 2 Do not operate with short existence of leg pain (<6 weeks), but also do not wait…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016João Luiz Pinheiro-Franco, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Edward C. Benzel and H. Michael Mayer (eds.)Advanced Concepts in Lumbar Degenerative Disk Disease10.1007/978-3-662-47756-4_55 55. Lessons from a Life: The Journey of Spinal Neurosurgery in the United…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016João Luiz Pinheiro-Franco, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Edward C. Benzel and H. Michael Mayer (eds.)Advanced Concepts in Lumbar Degenerative Disk Disease10.1007/978-3-662-47756-4_52 52. Lessons from 35 Years in the Trenches Edward C. Benzel1 , Kene Ugokwe2 and Nina Z. Moore3 (1)…
10. Bouillet R. Treatment of sciatica. A comparative survey of complications of surgical treatment and nucleolysis with chymopapain. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1990;251:144–51. 11. Onik G. Percutaneous lumbar diskectomy using…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016João Luiz Pinheiro-Franco, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Edward C. Benzel and H. Michael Mayer (eds.)Advanced Concepts in Lumbar Degenerative Disk Disease10.1007/978-3-662-47756-4_50 50. Rational Evaluation and Management of the Patient with Spinal Pain Donlin M. Long1 (1)…
