Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures
FIGURE 24-1 A lap belt used for a child can create a point of rotation about which the spine is flexed with an abrupt stop. This is a common mechanism…
ORTHOPEDIC
Epidemiology of Fractures in Children
Early reports of children’s fractures lumped the areas fractured together, and fractures were reported only as to the long bone involved (e.g., radius, humerus, femur).11,49,56,77,81 More recent reports have split…
Management of the Multiply Injured Child
FIGURE 5-1 Temporary cervical spine stabilization is imperative in any child with multitrauma, especially those who are unconscious or complain of neck pain. Fluid Replacement Once an adequate airway is…
The Immature Skeleton
FIGURE 2-1 Bone development. During embryonic development, undifferentiated cells proliferate and compact to form the limb bud. As these cells proliferate, regions within the limb bud that undergo greater condensation…
Upper Extremity
(1) Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 2.1 History 2.1.1 Localization and Nature of Complaint Pain Localization Circumscribed/radiating Character Numb/sharp/drilling/throbbing/burning/cramp-like Situation During certain…
Lower Extremity
(1) Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 3.1 History 3.1.1 Localization and Kind of Complaint Pain Localization Circumscribed/radiating Character Numb/sharp/drilling/throbbing/burning/cramp-like Situation During certain…
Biomechanical Considerations in Arthritis of the Hip
Fig. 4.1 Measured range of motion in normal children and children with DDH. [Reprinted from Rao KN, Joseph B. Value of Measurement of Hip Movements in Childhood Hip Disorders. J…
Osteonecrosis
Fig. 7.1 Schematic drawing of the blood supply to the femoral head. (A) Superior retinacular vessels. (B) Inferior retinacular vessels. (C) Lateral epiphyseal artery. (D) Medial epiphyseal artery. (E) Superior…
Gait Pathomechanics in Hip Disease
Fig. 5.1 Terminology defining the phases and subphases of the gait cycle. The key events that delineate each phase are shown. Stance can also be considered as two periods of…
