Physical Examination
Fig. 4.1 Neer’s impingement 4.2 Hawkins-Kennedy Impingement Test This test is used to evaluate impingement of the subacromial bursa and rotator cuff. The test can be applied with the patient…
ORTHOPEDIC
Functional Anatomy of Shoulder
Fig. 1.1 Superficial muscles around the shoulder joint In the right shoulder region, the skin and superficial fascial structures have been removed to present a wide view of the muscles…
Arthroscopic Anatomy of Shoulder
Fig. 2.1 (a) Arthroscopic evaluation with the posterior portal (b) Glenoid, labrum and humeral head By turning the camera viewing angle to the glenoid, it is attempted to understand whether…
Shoulder Arthroscopy Portals
Fig. 7.1 Bony landmarks. (a) First the spina scapula, and the posterolateral and anterolateral corners of the acromion are identified. (b) In order, the spina scapula, acromion posterolateral corner, the…
Arthroscopic Knot-Tying Techniques
Fig. 5.1 Post limb (black thread) and loop limb (red thread) Interference: The relationship between the loops of the knot and the loops of the post limb. This is a…
A Global Approach to Upper Extremity Paralysis: The Role of Surgery in Limb Reanimation
Fig. 16.1 Left Brachial Plexus (From Green’s, Volume II, p. 1322) [19] Fig. 16.2 Garage door analogy of the musculoskeletal system Fig. 16.3 The Brachial Plexus Fig. 16.4 Dermatomes of…
Upper Extremity Neuromuscular Disorders
Fig. 24.1 PIP fusion figures: (a) illustration of Clinical photos of a patient with rigid swan neck deformity of the small finger. (b) illustration of Intraoperative photos of figure-of-8 tension…
Surgical Reconstruction of Pressure Ulcers
Time Changes 30 min Hyperemia 2–6 h Ischemia 6 h Necrosis 2 weeks Ulceration Friction Friction is the force resisting relative motion between two surfaces, which leads to shear. Friction…
Amputation Versus Limb Salvage of the Lower Extremity
Fig. 17.1 A simple fracture with a complex associated soft tissue injury.The fracture was stabilized initially with an external fixator (a) to diminish the risk of prolonged surgery and implant-related…
Acute and Long-Term Surgical Management of the Spinal Cord Injury Patient
Fig. 13.1 Enteroatmospheric fistula – a section of small bowel is visible protruding through the lower pole of the abdominal wound Once an EC fistula is diagnosed, usually within the…
