Fig. 13.1 Left lateral cervical abscess following anterior approach in cervical spine stabilization 13.9 Spinal Cord Damage Spinal cord injury can be an expression of worsening of pre-existing myelopathy or…

Fig. 6.1 ACDF with stand alone anterior cage Anterior column (vertebral bodies and discs) is exposed through an anterior prevascular exposure (more often with transverse skin incision) and the level…

Fig. 3.1 Cross section of the main muscles and fascial layers of the neck 3.2 Muscles of the Neck 3.2.1 Platysma Compared to all other muscles of the neck, which…

Fig. 7.1 Identification of skin landmarks before incision The surgeon has to identify (Fig. 7.1): 1. Notch of thyroid cartilage   2. Cricoid cartilage   3. Skin incision line  …

Fig. 1.1 C1 anatomy The atlas, first cervical vertebra, has its origins in the fourth occipital and first cervical sclerotomes. It is unique among vertebrae in not having a body…

Fig. 11.1 The standard midline posterior approach to the cervical spine is carried through the two symmetrical extensor muscle compartments down to the dorsal surface of the neural arches Thus,…

The spinal cord and dura mater have a united and functionally indissociable vascularization. Characteristic of the intramedullary vessels of the spinal cord is to maintain their embryonal metameric disposition, which…

Fig. 5.1 The patient’s eyes are protected to avoid direct pressure Fig. 5.2 Positioning of nasogastric and endotracheal tubes Fig. 5.3 Tracheostomy opened in a patient before surgery For a…

Fig. 2.1 Axial view of the subaxial cervical spine This chapter describes the essential anatomy of subaxial cervical spine (C3-C7). 2.1 Bony Anatomy 2.1.1 C3-C6 Vertebrae are composed by a…

Fig. 8.1 WBB Surgical Staging System. (1) On the transverse plane, the vertebra is divided into 12 radiating zones (numbered 1–12 in a clockwise order) and into 5 layers (A…