Fig. 19.1 Schematic representation of a metallic surface: (a) ideal surface, (b) technical surface obtained by metal processing, (c) technical surface with oxide layer. The miscrostructure (grains) is typical for…

Fig. 31.1 The force from deltoid contraction (gray) acts some distance from the center of glenohumeral rotation and therefore acts both to rotate the joint and to translate this superiorly…

Fig. 22.1 Growing cartilage of a vertebra. (a) Vertebral plateau. (b) Bipolar cartilage = neurocenral cartilage. (c) Posterior elements apophyseal cartilage. P periosteum, R ring apophysis Vertebral Growth Plates Each vertebra has…

Fig. 33.1 (a) Transverse pedicle diameters. (b) Superoinferior pedicle diameters. (c) Anteroposterior pedicle angles. (d) Horizontal pedicle angles In children, the pedicles are smaller, but their relative dimensions and orientations…

Postoperative (weeks) Condylen-upracondylen Distal third of femoral shaft Proximal third of femoral shaft Subtrochanter Femoral neck-femoral head 1–3 → → → →  4 ↑ → → →  6 ↑ →…

  Weight % SiO2+M20 (M20:Na20,K20 etc) 0.1 Fe203 0.1 Al203 0.5 Y203 4.8 ± 0.7 Zro2 Remainder Fig. 3.1 (a) A zirconia made femoral head with an outer diameter of…

ISO Standard  ISO 6474-1 ISO 13 356 ISO 6474-2 Material Unit Pure alumina Zirconia Alumina zirconia type X Average bulk density  ≥3.94 g/cm3 ≥6.00 g/cm3 ≥99 % Chemical composition wt…

Fig. 39.1 Different variations of the Cleveland Clinic and Helen Hayes methods (From Manal et al. [15], with permission) Manal et al. [15] evaluated the accuracy of 6 variations of…

Type I Undisplaced cervical fractures 16.1 % Type II Displaced cervical fractures 36.3 % Type III Baso-cervical fractures 3.6 % Type IV Trochanteric two-part fractures 22.6 % Type V Trochanteric…

Fig. 36.1 Two safe zones identified on the sacrum for screw placements. (a) Viewed from CT reconstructed 3-D model. (b) Top view of the safe zones on the sacrum Bone…