High-Pressure Injection Injuries
High-Pressure Injection Injuries Erez Avisar High-pressure injection (HPI) injury has the potential to cause devastating injury to the limb. It has a high risk of being overlooked due to its…
ORTHOPEDIC
Fingertip Amputations
Fingertip Amputations Robert Ryu Hisham M. Awan INTRODUCTION Fingertip injuries are the most common hand injuries presenting to emergency departments. Fingertip injuries with soft tissue loss may be time-intensive and…
The Mangled Hand
The Mangled Hand Jason S. Lipof John C. Elfar INTRODUCTION The mangled extremity, by definition, exhibits injury to three or more of the four limb systems: (1) soft tissue, (2)…
Replantation
Replantation Michael S. Gart INTRODUCTION The first upper extremity replantation was performed in Boston, MA by Dr Ronald Malt in 1962.1 Three years later, Komatsu and Tamai reported the first…
Compartment Syndrome
Compartment Syndrome Roshan Melvani Christopher M. Jones INTRODUCTION Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is an increase in tissue pressure within an osseofascial compartment above tissue perfusion pressure, resulting in diminished local…
Nail Bed Injury
Nail Bed Injury Andrew D. Sobel INTRODUCTION Fingertip injuries, and injuries to the nail bed specifically, are common problems that vary widely in mechanism and severity. Injuries to the nail…
Bite Wounds
Bite Wounds Mark Henry INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy1,2,3,4,5 Skin wound—mixed pattern of crush, cut, tear damage to margins (Figure 49.1) Deep structural injury to bone, tendon, nerve with powerful bites (dog, larger…
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis Julie Johnson John R. Fowler INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy—bony infection caused by microbial invasion characterized by inflammation and destruction of bone Mechanism—contiguous spread (abscess, septic joint), direct inoculation (trauma, surgery, foreign…
Cellulitis
Cellulitis Julie Johnson John R. Fowler INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy—It is infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissue without associated abscess. Mechanism—Infection is through bacterial breach of cutaneous surface, however, a break in…
Palmar Space Infections
Palmar Space Infections Hannah A. Dineen Reid W. Draeger INTRODUCTION Hand infections, which include cellulitis, paronychia and felons, flexor tenosynovitis, and deep palmar space infections, are frequently encountered by primary…
